John Woolman (1720-1772)
John Woolman, born in 1720 to a Quaker family in New Jersey, became a key figure in the abolition movement. As a young clerk, he refused to write a bill of sale for slaves, feeling it conflicted with his spiritual beliefs and Christianity. Despite becoming a successful shopkeeper and tailor, he gave up business to dedicate himself to abolition.
Woolman advocated for simplicity, economic equality, and opposition to animal cruelty. He wore undyed fabric to protest poor working conditions in the dye industry and refused to travel by horse and coach due to the mistreatment of animals. His actions were misunderstood by many, though today they resonate with socialists, environmentalists, and animal rights activists.
In 1772, Woolman traveled to England, where Quakers at the London Yearly Meeting condemned slavery. He contracted smallpox and died in York in October 1772. His spiritual journal remains one of the most continuously published works in American history, second only to the Bible.